Stationary seismic oscillations of a pipeline in viscoelastic soil

Steady-state coupled longitudinal vibrations of a pipeline and a viscoelastic soil during an earthquake are studied. Using specific examples of soils described by the Kelvin–Voigt model and by the viscous liquid model, the main qualitative and quantitative effects of viscosity on the behavior and seismic stability of metallic (steel) and concrete pipelines are clarified.