Field of a directional low-frequency acoustic emitter in the boundary layer of the atmosphere

Due to the fact that many wave emitters that a person is able to perceive belong to low-frequency ones, studies of sound fields created by such emitters are relevant. Thanks to the results obtained, it becomes possible to understand in which directions and with what power the sound field created by them will propagate, form practical recommendations for choosing the zone most suitable for observing them, solve inverse problems to determine their location. As a result of the analysis of existing models used to describe acoustic emitters, it was found that the most adequate models are those that take into account the directionality of sound sources. Among them, the parametric model proposed by G.N. Kuznetsov and A.N. Stepanov deserves special attention, which was used in the work. As a model representation of the atmosphere, a system of homogeneous layers was chosen, in one of which the source is located. For the selected models of the source and medium, the boundary value problem of finding the potential of the field created by the source is set, exact and approximate relations are obtained that can be used to solve direct and inverse problems associated with a multipole emitter. The influence of such factors as the height and frequency of the source, as well as the horizontal distance between the source and receiver on the amplitude component of the field has been studied.