Mathematical modeling and optimal control of energy management in microgrids with combined heat and power

The production and integration of renewable energy sources into microgrid systems have recently demonstrated significant growth due to their ability to meet growing electricity needs while having minimal impact on environmental pollution. Combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems, also known as trigeneration systems, are the most efficient and stable way to use energy, which has a wide range of applications. However, to increase energy efficiency and reduce overall operating costs of such systems, the development of a mathematical model and optimal control model for CCHP is required. This paper presents a review of known mathematical models and optimal control models that ensure cost reduction while meeting electricity, heating, and cooling needs. The problem of joint optimization of several efficiency criteria: electricity consumption from the grid, annual total costs, and carbon dioxide emissions is considered. The characteristics of CCHP systems obtained taking into account different exploitation strategies are compared with separate cooling, heating, and power systems.