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JOURNALS // Russian Universities Reports. Mathematics // Archive

Russian Universities Reports. Mathematics, 2025 Volume 30, Issue 149, Pages 79–92 (Mi vtamu349)

Scientific articles

Sharp estimate of the third coefficient for bounded non-vanishing holomorphic functions with real coefficients

D. L. Stupin

Tver State University

Abstract: Let $\Omega_0^r$ be a class of holomorphic functions $\omega$ in the unit disk $\Delta,$ with real coefficients, and such that $|\omega(z)|<1,$ $\omega(0)=0,$ $z\in\Delta.$ The coefficients problem in the class $\Omega_0^r$ is formulated as follows: find the necessary and sufficient conditions to be imposed on the real numbers $\{\omega\}_1, \{\omega\}_2,\ldots$ in order for the series $\{\omega\}_1 z+\{\omega\}_2 z^2+\ldots$ to be the Taylor series of a function in the class $\Omega_0^r.$
The class $B^r$ consists of holomorphic functions $f$ in $\Delta$ with real coefficients and such that $0<|f(z)|\leq 1,$ $z\in\Delta.$ The classes $B_t^r,$ $t\geq 0,$ are defined as the sets of functions $f\in B^r$ such that $f(0)=e^{-t}.$ The problem of obtaining a sharp estimation of $|\{f\}_n|,$ $n\in\mathbb N,$ on the class $B^r$ or $B_t^r$ is commonly referred to as the Krzyz problem (for the class $B^r$ or $B_t^r$). It is clear that the union of all classes $B_t^r$ exhausts the class $B^r$ up to rotations in the plane of variable $w$ ($w=f(z)$).
Based on the solution of the coefficients problem for the class $\Omega_0^r,$ the problem of obtaining a sharp estimation of the functional $|\{f\}_3|$ on the classes $B_t^r$ for every $t\geq 0$ is solved by transitioning to the functional over the class $\Omega_0^r,$ after which the problem is reduced to finding the global constrained extremum of a function of two real variables with inequality-type constraints.
The extreme functions are found in two forms: as a convex combination of Schwartz kernels related to the Caratheodory class, and as Blaschke products related to the class $\Omega_0^r.$

Keywords: the Krzyz hypothesis, the Krzyz problem, bounded non-vanishing function, sharp coefficient estimate, coefficient body

UDC: 517.53, 517.54

MSC: 30C50

Received: 03.02.2025
Accepted: 13.03.2025

DOI: 10.20310/2686-9667-2025-30-149-79-92



© Steklov Math. Inst. of RAS, 2025