Applicative computing: attempts for knowing the nature of computations

This paper reflects the results obtained in working out the projects 93-01-00943-а (LAMBDA), 96-01-01923-а (KOOAM), 05-01-00736-а, 06-07-99005-с, 05-07-90236-в, 07-07-00298-а, 07-07-00355-а, 07-07-12098-ofi, granted by the RFBR. If an the early stages programming was a kind of art when a programmer wrote the program for solving the definite task and supplied it more or less detailed documentation, then nowadays a powerful software industry is created with supplementary software engineering. The present days in the research in programming or in an area of computer science, as a rule, those projects have being supported which bring in a few improvement in solution of already well known problem. As a result, the actually important and fundamental research, which leads to investigation of the novel concepts of computations, is left out of a scope and insufficient attention is paid to the knowledge accumulation in an area of programming. In this paper the main attention is paid to the computations with objects, the parity and role of which in this domain is growing more and more, resulting in a dominant trend.