Space projects: informational and mathematical aspects and supercomputing (history and projects)

Emphasis is given to problems of the informational and mathematical aspects of space projects: a historical excursion and contemporary perspectives. The important role of the Chief Theorists of astronautics academician M. V. Keldysh, which is actually defined the basic directions of the formation and development of space researches and aerospace remote sensing of the Earth as a planet, called the current world short REMOTE SENSING, is noted.