Hydrodynamic flows in heated pipes with boundary layer computed using the BGK model

The model problem of heat transfer from a nonuniformly heated pipe wall to the basic flow is considered, or, in other words, the initial stages of fluid temperature and pressure relaxation in a heated pipe are addressed. The computations are based on computer codes using various combinations of the Navier–Stokes equations, a modified Burnett equation, and the kinetic BGK equation.