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Factorization of the reaction-diffusion equation, the wave equation, and other equations
M. F. Prokhorovaab a Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg
b Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg
Abstract:
We investigate equations of the form
$D_{t}u = \Delta u + \xi\nabla u$ for an unknown function
$u(t,x)$,
$t\in\mathbb R$,
$x\in X$, where $D_t u = a_0(u,t)+\sum_{k=1}^r a_k(t,u)\partial_t^k u$,
$\Delta$ is the Laplace–Beltrami operator on a Riemannian manifold
$X$, and
$\xi$ is a smooth vector field on
$X$. More exactly, we study morphisms from this equation within the category
$\mathcal{PDE}$ of partial differential equations, which was introduced by the author earlier. We restrict ourselves to morphisms of a special form — the so-called
geometric morphisms, which are given by mappings of
$X$ to other smooth manifolds (of the same or smaller dimension).
It is shown that a mapping
$f\colon X\to Y$ defines a morphism from the equation
$D_{t}u = \Delta u + \xi\nabla u$ if and only if, for some vector field
$\Xi$ and a metric on
$Y$, the equality $(\Delta+\xi\nabla)f^{\ast}v = f^{\ast}(\Delta + \Xi\nabla)v$ holds for any smooth function
$v\colon Y\to\mathbb R$. In this case, the quotient equation is
$D_{t}v = \Delta v + \Xi\nabla v$ for the unknown function
$v(t,y)$,
$y\in Y$.
It is also shown that, if a mapping
$f\colon X\to Y$ is a locally trivial fiber bundle, then
$f$ defines a morphism from the equation
$D_{t}u = \Delta u$ if and only if fibers of
$f$ are parallel and, for any path
$\gamma$ on
$Y$, the expansion factor of a fiber transferred along the horizontal lift
$\gamma$ on
$X$ depends on
$\gamma$ only.
Keywords:
category of partial differential equations, reaction–diffusion equation, heat equation, wave equation.
UDC:
517.958,
515.168 Received: 26.05.2013