Abstract:
In studying the reduction of a complex $n\times n$ matrix
$A$ to its Hessenberg form by the Arnoldi algorithm, T. Huckle discovered that an irreducible Hessenberg normal
matrix with a normal leading principal $m\times m$
submatrix, where $1<m<n$, actually is tridiagonal. We
prove a similar assertion for the conjugate-normal
matrices, which play the same role in the theory of unitary
congruences as the conventional normal matrices in the
theory of unitary similarities. This fact is stated as a
purely matrix-theoretic theorem, without any reference to
Arnoldi-like algorithms.