Mathematics and the State: the postwar Development of computational Mathematics in the United States and the USSR

1. UNITED STATES. Prehistory. "New deal" and "brain trust" of F. D. Roosevelt. W. Leontief’s balance studies and its applications. History. Ballistic calculations and ENIAC, the first application. Subsequent developments in computing and the arts of programming. 2. SOVIET RUSSIA (USSR). Prehistory. Missed opportunities (before 1917). The pre-war years: recoveries and destructions. L. V. Kantorovich. War and early postwar years: Military science. Ballistic and Atomic calculations. Mechanical and analogue machines.The cold war and the arms race. Cybernetics. The First Computers. Tasks of anti-missile defense. A. I. Kitov. Military applications. Zelenograd’s science and industry. N. P. Brusentsov. The Soviet economy and the IBM 360 copying. CONCLUSION. The Soviet military-industrial complex (MIC) and its features. Two models of the MIC: University Science in the United States and academic science in the USSR. Computational mathematics and mathematical education.