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Evolution of concepts of "uncertainty" since 1927: Various forms of "uncertainty relations" in 2025

V. V. Dodonov



Аннотация: I am planning to give a compact review of the main results in the theory and applications of uncertainty relations, accumulated during 98 years after Heisenberg's famous paper of 1927. The main emphasis will be made on the evolution of the concept of "uncertainty" and various families of exact inequalities derived for almost a century (especially those that are not discussed in standard text books on quantum mechanics). In particular, I pretend to discuss in the historical manner various attempts to understand how an additional information on a quantum system (e.g., the correlation coefficients, quantum purity, quantum entropy, temperature, etc.) influences the functions characterizing "quantum uncertainties".
The main illustrations will be as follows.
1) Variance inequalities for N arbitrary operators, their generalizations and the most important special cases.
2) Entropic uncertainty relations and their applications.
3) Uncertainty relations for mixed states (thermal states as a simple example): the role of "quantum purity" and the Wigner-Yanase "skew information".
4) “Local” uncertainty relations.
5) Applications of the uncertainty relations: Minimal energy of quantum systems, restrictions on the parameters of master equations, entanglement criteria.
6) Time-energy uncertainty relations; Decay laws and decay times of unstable systems; Speed of quantum evolution; Arrival and tunneling times.
7) Measurement uncertainty relations.

Язык доклада: английский


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