Дискретная математика и математическая кибернетика
			
				
				All tight descriptions of major $3$-paths in $3$-polytopes without $3$-vertices
			
			Ts. Ch.-D. Batueva, 	
O. V. Borodin, 	
A. O. Ivanova, 	
D. V. Nikiforov		 Sobolev Institute of Mathematics, 4, Koptyuga ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
					
			Аннотация:
			A 
$3$-path 
$uvw$ is an  
$(i,j,k)$-path if 
$d(u)\le i$, 
$d(v)\le j$,
and 
$d(w)\le k$, where 
$d(x)$ is the degree of a vertex 
$x$. It is
well-known that  each 
$3$-polytope has a vertex of degree at most 
$5$,
called minor. A description of 
$3$-paths in a 
$3$-polytope is minor or
major if the central item of each its triplet is at most 5 or at
least 
$6$, respectively.
Back in 1922, Franklin proved that each 
$3$-polytope with minimum
degree 5 has a  
$(6,5,6)$-path, which description is tight.
Recently, Borodin and Ivanova extended Franklin's theorem by
producing all the ten tight minor descriptions of 
$3$-paths    in the class
$\mathbf{P_4}$ of 
$3$-polytopes with minimum degree at least 
$4$.
In 2016, Borodin and Ivanova proved that each polytope with
minimum degree 
$5$ has a  
$(5,6,6)$-path, and there exists no tight
description of 
$3$-paths in this class of 
$3$-polytopes other than
$\{(6,5,6)\}$ and 
$\{(5,6,6)\}$.
The purpose of this paper is to prove that there exist precisely
the following four major tight descriptions of 
$3$-paths in 
$\mathbf{
P_4}$: 
$\{(4,9,4),(4,7,5),(5,6,6)\}$, 
$\{(4,9,4),(5,7,6)\}$,
$\{(4,9,5),(5,6,6)\}$, and 
$\{(5,9,6)\}$.
				
			
Ключевые слова:
			plane graph, 
$3$-polytope, structural properties, 
$3$-path, tight description.	
			
УДК:
			519.172.2	
			MSC: 05C75	Поступила 25 марта 2021 г., опубликована 
22 апреля 2021 г.	
			Язык публикации: английский	
			
DOI:
			10.33048/semi.2021.18.031