Double Lowering Operators on Polynomials
Paul Terwilliger Department of Mathematics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706-1388, USA
Аннотация:
Recently Sarah Bockting-Conrad introduced the double lowering operator
$\psi$ for a tridiagonal pair. Motivated by
$\psi$ we consider the following problem about polynomials. Let
$\mathbb F$ denote an algebraically closed field. Let
$x$ denote an indeterminate, and let
$\mathbb F\lbrack x \rbrack$ denote the algebra consisting of the polynomials in
$x$ that have all coefficients in
$\mathbb F$. Let
$N$ denote a positive integer or
$\infty$. Let
$\lbrace a_i\rbrace_{i=0}^{N-1}$,
$\lbrace b_i\rbrace_{i=0}^{N-1}$ denote scalars in
$\mathbb F$ such that
$\sum_{h=0}^{i-1} a_h \not= \sum_{h=0}^{i-1} b_h$ for
$1 \leq i \leq N$. For
$0 \leq i \leq N$ define polynomials
$\tau_i, \eta_i \in \mathbb F\lbrack x \rbrack$ by
$\tau_i = \prod_{h=0}^{i-1} (x-a_h)$ and
$\eta_i = \prod_{h=0}^{i-1} (x-b_h)$. Let
$V$ denote the subspace of
$\mathbb F\lbrack x \rbrack$ spanned by
$\lbrace x^i\rbrace_{i=0}^N$. An element
$\psi \in \operatorname{End}(V)$ is called double lowering whenever
$\psi \tau_i \in \mathbb F \tau_{i-1}$ and
$\psi \eta_i \in \mathbb F \eta_{i-1}$ for
$0 \leq i \leq N$, where
$\tau_{-1}=0$ and
$\eta_{-1}=0$. We give necessary and sufficient conditions on
$\lbrace a_i\rbrace_{i=0}^{N-1}$,
$\lbrace b_i\rbrace_{i=0}^{N-1}$ for there to exist a nonzero double lowering map. There are four families of solutions, which we describe in detail.
Ключевые слова:
tridiagonal pair,
$q$-exponential function, basic hypergeometric series,
$q$-binomial theorem.
MSC: 33D15,
15A21 Поступила: 15 сентября 2020 г.; в окончательном варианте
19 января 2021 г.; опубликована
28 января 2021 г.
Язык публикации: английский
DOI:
10.3842/SIGMA.2021.009